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FLOT Staklo
FLOT Glass
Kaljeno staklo – Romiks
Karakteristike i tehnički podaci
Pod pojmom kaljenog stakla podrazumevamo termički obrađeno “obično” staklo čiju prenapregnutost postižemo tako da prvo termički ugrejemo staklo do određene temperature i zatim ga naglo ohladimo.
Zbog specifične toplotne provodljivosti spoljne čestice stakla se pri naglom hlađenju brzo skvrče i stvrdnu i pri tome onemoguće isto u srednjem dijelu. Posledica toga je povećana gustoća molekula na površini, a ređa u sredini stakla.
Na taj način dolazi u kaljenom staklu do značajne preraspodele napetosti između molekula na površini i molekula u unutrašnjosti stakla.
Ta napetost mora biti u ravnoteži, što je ujedno i uslov za stabilnost koja nam garantuje sigurnosne karakteristike kaljenog stakla, što možemo videti pri posmatranju sledećih vrednosti:
povećana otpornost na udarce (DIN 52337)
povećana čvrstoća na savijanje: izmerena vrednost > 120 N/mm2 , dok kod običnog stakla ta vrednost iznosi 30 N/mm2.
povećana otpornost na toplotne promjene: T=150 K, pri običnom staklu 50 K.
U praksi možemo kaljenjem tretirati sva ‘float’ i ornament stakla koja mogu biti:
- transparentna (bezbojna) ili bojena u masi
- prozirna ili neprozirna (npr. ornamentna stakla)
- sa nanosom na spoljnoj ploči stakla (npr. emajlirano staklo)
- površinski obrađena (npr. peskarena stakla)
Odstupanja ravnosti stakla zavise od debljine stakla koje kalimo, o njegovim dimenzijama i obliku stranica i vidljiva su u obliku iskrivljenja koja delimo u dve veličine: ukupna i lokalna iskrivljenost. Ipak za kvalitet kaljenog sigurnosnog stakla najvažnije su dve karakteristike:
- struktura loma stakla
- čvrstoća na savijanje.
Struktura loma posmatra se u skladu s DIN 52349 i DIN 1249 T12, dok se čvrstoća na savijanje posmatra u skladu sa zahtevima iz DIN 52303 T1 i DIN 1249 T12.
U optičkom smislu može doći do blago talasastih nijansi kaljenog stakla zato što se u peći pri kaljenju staklo se kreće uz pomoć vrućih keramičkih valjaka. Ovu pojavu ne možemo izbeći, i u praksi se ona vidi kao blago izobličenje slike. Ipak sigurnosne karakteristike kaljenog stakla kao i njegove toplotne karakteristike (kaljeno staklo dobro podnosi temperaturne razlike između dve tačke i do 150°C) u velikoj meri nadmašuju njegove nedostatke. Pri tome svako kaljeno staklo mora imati na sebi vidljivo utisnutu oznaku proizvođača i oznaku iz koje je vidljivo da se radi o kaljenom staklu.
OBRADA
Zbog specifičnosti rasporeda napetosti kaljenog stakla ono se ne može nakon procesa kaljenja dalje obrađivati, rezati, brusiti, bušiti rupe, skraćivati i sl. Svaki takav pokušaj prouzrokovao bi lom stakla u hiljade malih komadića. Stoga sve predviđene i potrebne obrade treba učiniti pre termičke obrade stakla.
Svako staklo mora pre kaljenja imati obrađene ivice. Najniži stepen obrade koji zadovoljava ovaj uslov jeste gruba obrada ivica stakla.
Pod tim podrazumevamo samo skidanje oštrine ivice stakla, dok pod finim brušenjem podrazumijevamo mašinsko brušenje stakla u njegovom celom preseku, pri čemu ne smeju ostati nebrušeni segmenti niti ikakva fizička oštećenja.
Takođe, postoje stroga pravila i tablice minimalne udaljenosti od ivice stakla za sve rupe i izreze koji su nam neophodni prilikom montaže kaljenih elemenata.
PRIMENA
S obzirom da su kaljenjem karakteristike stakla u mehaničkom i termičkom smislu vidno poboljšana, u savremenoj gradnji kaljeno staklo ima svoje sve važnije mjesto.
Nabrojamo neke od mogućih primena:
- u opremanju stambenih i poslovnih objekata
- u izgradnji ulaznih prostora, ulaznih vrata od kaljenog stakla, automatskih pokretnih vrata, pregradnih i pokretnih sistema i sl.
- u opremanju sportskih objekata
- u učestvovanju pri izradi aluminijumskih staklenih fasada pri čemu staklo u izo izradi u kombinaciji s kaljenim elementima daje i bolju toplotnu izolaciju i primerenu sigurnost pri izradi parapeta
- pri opremanju interijera, izradi stepeništa od stakla i ograda
- u izradi staklenog namještaja i dr.
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Danas je nemoguće reći da je bez sigurnosnog kaljenog stakla moguće izgraditi i oblikovati savremeni arhitektonski dizajn.
Mogućnosti stakla u savremenoj arhitekturi danas su gotovo neograničene zahvaljujući velikom tehnološkom napretku u proizvodnji i obradi stakla poslednjih 30-ak godina, naročito u pogledu sigurnosti.
Kaljeno staklo se uveliko upotrebljava za ostakljenje hodnika, za staklena vrata, za ostakljenje stepeništa, balkona i parapeta (kada kaljena stakla lepimo u laminiranoj varijanti), za vetrobrane i sl. kao i za izradu izolacionih stakala u varijantama kada je toplotna zaštita podjednako bitna kao i sigurnosna komponenta ostakljenja.
U praksi se kale stakla od 4 do 19 mm, a maksimalna veličina ploče zavisi o maksimalnom kapacitetu peći za kaljenje.
Tempered glass-Romiks
Characteristics and technical data the term toughened (tempered) safety glass we mean thermally treated "normally" glass whose Tensile strength is achieved by the first heat warm the glass to a certain temperature and then rapidly cooled. Zbog specifične toplotne provodljivosti spoljne čestice stakla se pri naglom hlađenju brzo stvrdnu i pri tome onemoguće isto u srednjem dijelu. As a result, increased density of molecules on the surface, and stacks in the middle of the glass. So comes in tempered glass to redistribute substantial tension between molecules on the surface and molecules in the Interior of the glass. This tension must be in balance, which is also the condition for stability that guarantees the safety characteristics of tempered glass, which we can see in the following observation:
- increased impact resistance (DIN 52337)
- increased strength to bending: measured value > 120 N/mm2, while with an ordinary glass that value is 30 N/mm2.
- increased resistance to thermal changes: T = 150 K, plain glass 50 K.
In practice we can treat is all the 'float' and ornament glass which can be:
- transparent (colorless) or fully amount painted
- transparent or opaque (eg. ornamentna glass)
- with coated on the outside glass panel (eg. enameled glass)
- a surface treated (e.g.. sandblasting glass)
Deviation straightness glass depend on the thickness of the glass you've struck, about its dimensions and shape of the page and are visible in the form of distortion that we split it into two sizes: total and local distortion. However, for the quality of tempered safety glass are two important characteristics:
- structure of glass fracture
- strength to bending.
Fracture structure is in accordance with DIN 52349 and DIN 1249 T12, while bending strength observed in accordance with the requirements of DIN 52303 T1 and DIN 1249 T12. In the optical sense there may be slightly wavy shades of tempered glass because the furnace at kaljenju glass is moving with the help of hot ceramic rollers. This phenomenon cannot be avoided, and in practice, she look like a mild distortion images. Though the security characteristics of tempered glass and its thermal characteristics (tempered glass well to the temperature difference between the two counts and up to 150 ° C) largely outweigh its disadvantages. While each tempered glass must be wearing visible embedded tag and label manufacturers, from which it is visible that the kaljenom glass. Due to the specific PROCESSING schedule tension tempered glass cannot be further processed after the hardening process, cut, grind, drill holes, trimmed etc. Any such attempt would cause the breakage of the glass into thousands of little pieces. Therefore all preferred and required processing should be done before the heat treatment of glass. Each glass has to be processed before smearing the edge. The lowest degree of processing that satisfies this condition is grinding the edges of the glass. By that we mean just removing the edge sharpness of glass, whilst under the fine grinding we mean machine grinding glass in his over the intersection, where they must not be a rough parts or any physical damage. Also, there are strict rules and tables the minimum distance from the edge of the glass for all holes and vents which are essential when mounting kaljenih elements. Apply with regard to the characteristics of the glass is in mechanical and thermal sense visibly improved, in modern construction tempered glass has its increasingly important place. Nabrojamo some of the possible applications:
- in equipping of residential and commercial buildings
- in the construction of the front room, the front door of tempered glass, automatic revolving door, partition and moving systems, etc.
- in equipping sports facilities
- in participating in the preparation of aluminium glass façade with glass in insulated construction combined with over tempered elements returns and better thermal insulation and proper security in the preparation of the parapet
- in furnishing interiors, making stairs from glass and railings
- in the making of glass furniture etc.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Today it is impossible to say that no safety tempered glass can be build and shape the contemporary architectural design. Features of glass in modern architecture today are virtually limitless thanks to great technological advances in the manufacture and processing of glass for the past 30 years, especially in terms of security. Tempered glass is largely used for glazing Hall, for glass doors, glazing staircase, balcony and parapet (with tempered glass pasting in the laminiranoj variant), for vetrobrane, etc. as for the production of insulating glass in the variants when the thermal protection is just as important as the safety component glassing. In practice, CAL glass of 4 to 7 mm, and the maximum panel size depends on the maximum capacity of the furnace for hardening.
Laminirano staklo – Romiks
Laminirano staklo je sigurnosno staklo koje se sastoji od dva ili više slojeva stakla, istih ili različitih debljina, povezanih sigurnosnom folijom za laminiranje.
Laminiranje se vrši sa PVB (polyvinil butyral), EVA (etilen vinyl acetat – transparentna ili opal) i TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) folijama.
Laminirano staklo sa EVA (etilen-vinyl acetat) folijom.
– uložena sila do pucanja folije………………………… > 23 N/mm2
– transmisija svjetla (za kombinaciju +0,76+4)………………… 87%
– transmisija UV zraka (za kombinaciju 4+0,76+……………… 0,2%
– zvučna izolacija (za kombinaciju 4+0,76+4)………………… 34 dB
Osim debljine 0,76 mm moguće debljine međuslojeva su još 1,52 mm i 2,28 mm. Debljim međuslojem dobijaju se bolje tehničke karakteristike, ali se koriste i kada to zahtjeva tehnologija.
Laminirano staklo sa TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) folijom
Laminirano staklo sa TPU folijom je najkvalitetnije sigurnosno staklo koje povezuje najbolje tehničke karakteristike EVA i PVB folije, te briljira svojim izrazito velikim koeficijentom čistoće, kao i zvučnom i termičkom izolacijom.
Ovakvo staklo najčešće nalazi primjenu u specijalnim područjima (vetrobranska stakla na putničkim avionima i bočna stakla na automobilima).
TPU folija je pogodna i za povezivanje drugih materijala sa staklom, najčešće polikarbonatno staklo, što omogućuje izradu balističkih stakla do BR-6 kategorije, a odlikuje se izuzetno malom težinom po m2.
Za lam. staklo sa TPU folijom predlažemo prethodnu konsultaciju sa našim tehničkim osobljem, budući da se radi o specijalnom proizvodu.
Kaljeno laminirano ravno staklo se sastoji od dva ili više stakala, koja posebnom termičkom obradom dobijaju 5 puta veću čvrstoću, te su povezana sigurnosnom folijom u jednu cjelinu. Takva obrada omogućuje montažu na tačkaste „Spider“ nosače, za koje su unapred predviđene rupe u staklu. Koristi se za ograde, nadstrešnice, pregradne stene, klizna i zaokretna vrata i dr.
Takvo staklo se može izraditi u varijanti sa transparentnom ili opal folijom.
Maksimalne dimenzije za transparentno staklo iznose 2500 x 4800 mm, dok za laminirano staklo sa opal folijom maksimalne dimenzije iznose 2200 x 4800 mm.
Postoji mogućnost izrade emajliranog parapeta (najčešće za staklene ograde), koji ima funkciju skrivanja podkonstrukcije ili betona koji se nalazi iza stakla. Moguća je i izrada digitalnog printa koji se nalazi unutar kaljenog laminiranog sklopa, te se time sprječava eventualno oštećenje printa, a olakšava se čišćenje stakla.
Laminated glass-Romiks
Laminated glass laminated glass is safety glass consisting of two or more layers of glass, of the same or of different thickness, related security foil for lamination. Laminating is done with CARPENTER (polyvinil butyral), EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate – transparent or opal) and TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) foils. Laminated glass with EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) film Maximum dimensions glass laminated with EVA film that can make the 2200 x 4800 mm. Međuslojeva thickness can be 0.80 mm; 1.20 mm; 1.60 mm; … Main technical characteristics of EVA foil:-strength of grip glass-glass…………………………… " 14 N/cm2-strength the foil … … … … … … … … … … … … … …. 190 N/cm2-transmission light………………………………………………… "< 87% EVA folija odlikuje se visokim faktorom umrežavanja što međusloj čini otpornim na vlagu i temperaturu nakon laminiranja, pa je pogodna za izradu stakala koje se koristi u eksterijeru, gdje je rub lamistala izložen vremenskim uticajima (montaža na spider nosače i sl.) EVA folija je, zbog svoje niske viskoznosti tokom laminiranja, izrazito pogodna za laminiranje kaljenih stakala i stakala koja imaju neravnu površinu. 87%="" eva="" folija="" odlikuje="" se="" visokim="" faktorom="" umrežavanja="" što="" međusloj="" čini="" otpornim="" na="" vlagu="" i="" temperaturu="" nakon="" laminiranja,="" pa="" je="" pogodna="" za="" izradu="" stakala="" koje="" se="" koristi="" u="" eksterijeru,="" gdje="" je="" rub="" lamistala="" izložen="" vremenskim="" uticajima="" (montaža="" na="" spider="" nosače="" i="" sl.)="" eva="" folija="" je,="" zbog="" svoje="" niske="" viskoznosti="" tokom="" laminiranja,="" izrazito="" pogodna="" za="" laminiranje="" kaljenih="" stakala="" i="" stakala="" koja="" imaju="" neravnu=""></ 87% EVA folija odlikuje se visokim faktorom umrežavanja što međusloj čini otpornim na vlagu i temperaturu nakon laminiranja, pa je pogodna za izradu stakala koje se koristi u eksterijeru, gdje je rub lamistala izložen vremenskim uticajima (montaža na spider nosače i sl.) EVA folija je, zbog svoje niske viskoznosti tokom laminiranja, izrazito pogodna za laminiranje kaljenih stakala i stakala koja imaju neravnu površinu.> Also, by lamination with EVA film there is the possibility of combining other materials between the panes (PVC, PET, POLYKARBONAT, ACRYLIC, etc.) Negative EVA property sheet is too high adhesion foils and glass which is not suitable for production of protiprovalnih glass. Lack of EVA foil is its higher price which makes lamistal glass more expensive in comparison to lamistal worked with CARPENTER. Laminated glass with CARPENTER (polyvinyl butyral) foil laminated glass with CARPENTER film has the same application as well as those made with EVA collar, but CARPENTER has better safety performance. Namely, CARPENTER has a high coefficient of elasticity and sound insulation, and much higher optical purity relative to EVA foil. An exception is the application of glass in exterior. If the laminated glass with CARPENTER foil used for exterior, it is necessary to protect the edges of the glass from all weather conditions because otherwise there is a possibility of additional voids "glass. Maximum dimension of laminated glass with CARPENTER foil that can make is 2500 x 4500 mm. These are the technical characteristics of laminated glass with CARPENTER (d = 0, 76 mm):-flexibility of foil to bursting … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … > 280%-invested power the film…………………………………… > 23 N/mm2-transmission of light (for a combination of 4 + 0.76 + 4)………………… " ………… " 87%-transmission of UV rays (for a combination of 4 + 0.76 + 4)……………………… " 0.2%-sound insulation (for a combination of 4 + 0.76 + 4)…………………………… " 34 dB Except thickness of 0.76 mm thickness are possible međuslojeva 1.52 mm and 2.28 mil. Thicker Interfacial Layer gets the better technical characteristics, but are used and when it requires technology. Laminated glass with TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) film laminated glass with TPU foil is the highest quality safety glass that connects the best technical characteristics of EVA and CARPENTER films, and it kicks your extremely large rate of purity, as well as sound and thermal insulation. This glass is most often used in special areas (the storm glass on passenger planes and side glass on cars). TPU foil is suitable for connection of other materials with glass, typically polycarbonate glass, which allows the creation of ballistic glass to BR-6 categories, and also has an exceptionally low weight per m2. For laminated glass with TPU foil suggest prior consultation with our technical staff, since it is about a special product. Tempered laminated flat glass is composed of two or more glass, that special thermal processing of receive 5 times the strength, and the associated security foil in a single unit. Such a process allows mounting on dotted "Spider" mounts, which are forecasted in advance, holes in the glass. It is used for railings, canopies, dividing stones, sliding and hinged doors, etc. Such glass can be make in version with transparent or opal. The maximum dimensions for transparent glass amounts 2500 x 4800 mm, while for laminated glass with opal foil maximum dimensions 2200 x 4800 mm amounts. There is a possibility of making enamelled parapet (usually for glass railings), who is hiding the substructure or concrete which is located behind the glass. And production of digital printing, which is located inside the hardened laminated board, thus preventing damage printing, and facilitates the cleaning of the glass.
Uredi članak
SZR”ROMIKS” je kompanija čije poslovanje obuhvata funkcionalno organizovane i uskladjene delatnosti, uz jedinstveni operativni i finansijski menedžment i zajedničku, komplementarnu infrastrukturu:
- Nabavka i logistika (uvoz, skladištenje i distribucija stakla)
- Manipulacija sa staklom (uvoz, skladištenje, obrada i distribucija)
Sedište firme je u Paraćinu, u okviru posebnog, funkcionalno projektovanog poslovnog kompleksa od 300 m2, situiranog u jugo-istočnoj zoni grada, u kojem se nalaze i specijalna skladišta za stakla, vozni park, garaže i sva neophodna oprema i tehnička infrastruktura.
Od svog osnivanja, firma beleži stalan razvoj, dosledno zastupajući i sprovodeći politiku isključivo selektivnog rada i prvorazrednog poslovanja. Danas je SZR”ROMIKS” uvoznik flot-stakla, proizvođač kaljenog i vatrostalnog stakla ujedno i distributer za teritoriju Republike Srbije, Bosne i Hercegovine, Crne Gore i Makedonije. SZR”ROMIKS” redovno snabdeva kaljenim i vatrostalnim staklima kao i staklenim diskovima proizvođače i prodavce bele-tehnike, proizvođače kotlova, grejnih tela, procesne tehnike,velikoprodajne centre i dr.
Posebna pažnja poklanja se stalnom i sistematskom usavršavanju i doškolovavanju postojećih kadrova, što je nametnuto i specifičnošću i posebnom osetljivošću delatnosti sa i u vezi sa staklom, a visok tehničko-tehnološki nivo organizacije funkcionisanja i rada firme (elektronika, tehnička pomagala, permanentno obrazovanje kadrova i dr) obezbeđuje optimalne poslovne efekte.
SZR”ROMIKS”, u skladu sa Politikom kvaliteta i politikom zaštite životne sredine, uključio se u Projekat „Očistimo Srbiju“. Definisanim aspektima životne sredine SZR”ROMIKS” upravlja u svim svojim poslovnim procesima i pripada grupi društveno odgovornih kompanija.
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SZR "ROMIKS" is a company whose business includes functional and organized industry sizes worked out, with unique operational and financial management and a shared, complementary infrastructure:
- Acquisition and logistics (import, storage and distribution of glass)
- Manipulation with glass (import, storage, processing and distribution)
Head Office is in Competition, in the special, functional projected business complex of 300 m 2, situiranog in the South-Eastern area of the city, in which there are special containers for glass, car park, garage and all the necessary equipment and technical infrastructure. Since its inception, the company records a steady development, consistently representing and implementing a policy of selective work only and great business. Today's BUSINESS "ROMIKS" flot importer-glass, tempered glass, and refractory manufacturer and distributor for the territory of the Republic of Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Macedonia. SZR "ROMIKS" regularly supplies over tempered and vatrostalnim glass and glass disks manufacturers and salespeople white-techniques, manufacturers of boilers, heaters, process engineering, whole-sale centers, etc. Special attention is paid to the constant and systematic training and doškolovavanju of existing staff, which is imposed and specificity and sensitivity to special activities and in relation to glass, and high technical and technological level of the Organization and functioning of labour companies (electronics, technical AIDS, permanent education, etc) provides optimal business effects. SZR "ROMIKS", in accordance with the policy of quality and environmental protection policy, included in the project "clean up Serbia". The defined aspects of environment SZR "ROMIKS" controls in all its business processes and belongs to a group of socially responsible companies.